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Sudan’s leader Omar al-Bashir is forced to step down as a result of mass demonstrations across the country. A new government takes office under Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok as part of a three-year power-sharing agreement between the military, civilian representatives and protest groups.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is adopted by all United Nations Member States in September 2015, and includes an unprecedented commitment to peace, justice and inclusion. The Agenda contains 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) providing a blueprint for global development with peace at its heart.

In a referendum, the people of Southern Sudan vote for independence from the North and for the creation of a new state of South Sudan.

Having made wide ranging agreements on the future governance and security arrangements of Sudan in line with the framework set out by the Machakos Protocol (2002), the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the Government of Sudan sign the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Naivasha, Kenya.

The UN agrees benchmarks in human development to be achieved by 2015.  However, the goals fail to address conflict. Ten years on, 22 out of the 34 countries furthest away from achieving the goals are in – or have just come out of – conflict. 

Operation Rainbow launched under the World Food Program Management in failed bid to deliver a ‘food neutral’ aid program.

In 1989, changing political dynamics paved the way for Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS) – the first programme seeking to assist internally displaced and war-affected civilians during an ongoing conflict within a sovereign country. It became one of the largest aid operations ever and its ramifications are still felt across the aid sector worldwide.

Civil war breaks out again as conflicts re-emerge between the Government and opposition movements within the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region as well as the wider Sudan. The war would last for 22 years.

Following negotiations led by All Africa Council of Churches, the Sudanese Government and the SSLM concluded the Addis Ababa peace agreement.

On January 1, 1956, the Republic of Sudan became an independent state, having been under the authority of the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, the joint British and Egyptian government that administrated Sudan, since 1899.

Troops from the Sudanese Defence Forces mutiny, launching an insurgency campaign that would evolve into the Southern Sudan Liberation or ‘Anyanya’ Movement (SSLM) and in turn, the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972)